To fix "Chrome installer failed to start" issue, you have to manually delete Chrome uninstaller left overs:
1. Delete "%APPDATA%\Google" folder and all of it's contents
2. Delete following registry keys:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE \Google\
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE \Google\

And the most important - for 64-bit Windows, delete also
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Google\

3. If you by any chance use ccleaner or any similar utility for deleting your browser/system cache, and you update your browsers regularly - be 100% sure to always update the cleaning apps to newest versions to avoid corruption of your browsers configuration.